Sürdürülebilir Mimarlık Kapsamında Ekolojik Bina ve Enerji Etkin Binanın Basit Toplamlı Ağırlıklandırma Yöntemi ile Karşılaştırılması

Ekolojik ve Enerji Etkin Binaların Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Factors such as rapidly increasing urbanization, increasing energy need and uncontrolled construction after the Industrial Revolution cause rapid consumption of resources. The increase in uncontrolled consumption leads to air and environmental pollution, an increase in ecological footprint and climatic changes. The consequences of global warming have begun to be seen tangibly. At the same time, it is revealed by the researches that it will be difficult to meet even the current need, which is very difficult to transfer energy resources to future generations. The concept of sustainability has gained importance in terms of efficient use of resources and transferring them to future generations in the face of this consumption, and has become a research topic of many different disciplines. Studies on sustainability, which has a wide scope from political-economic policies to energy resources, production, social structure and architecture, continue. The discipline of architecture also advances by adopting sustainable architecture approaches as a step in the steps to be taken for a sustainable world. This research study aims to contribute to the literature by considering the principles of ecological building and energy efficient building, from the concept of sustainability to sustainable architecture approaches. Basically, the aim is to try to understand the place of ecological building and energy efficient building concepts and principles within the concept and principles of sustainable architecture. Ecological Building and Energy Efficient Building were compared using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Method in line with the main principles of “Resource Management”, “Life Cycle Design” and “Design for Quality of Life” within the scope of Sustainable Architecture. While the weight values were found with the Simple Additive Weight Method, which is a preferred method because it is mathematically simple and gives objective results, the principles of “Resource Management”, “Life Cycle Design” and “Design for Quality of Life” were given a fixed value. While giving this value, the number 12, which is the common multiple of these numbers, was determined since there were 4-3-3 strategies belonging to 3 principles. After determining the total score for each alternative, a value was obtained by dividing the criteria of each strategy by this fixed number. Based on the principle of resource management, it is based on the effective use of resources and consists of strategies to reduce the consumption of non-renewable resources. Life cycle design is handled with the “cradle to grave” approach and covers all processes from obtaining resources to returning to nature. In other words, it is the adventure of transforming from one shape to another that can be useful. For this reason, it is examined in three different periods: pre-building, building and post-building. The principle of design for quality of life consists of the protection of natural conditions, urban design and planning, design for human health and comfort strategies and their design methods. According to the results obtained from the SAW method, it was seen that the Ecological Building supplied 90%, while the Energy Efficient Building supplied 63% under the Resource Management heading. When the methods belonging to all periods within the life cycle design principles are examined, the Ecological Building meets the whole, while the Energy Efficient Building supplys only 34%. This is a serious difference. Energy efficient design cannot provide solutions to the problems created in the life cycle of buildings in order to present a sustainable structure. In the context of the design principle for quality of life, the Ecological Building can still cover the whole, while the Energy Efficient Building can cover half. All of these criteria primarily aim to increase the quality of life of humans and other living species. When these three principles are evaluated together, the criteria (principles, strategies and methods) listed in the context of sustainable architecture supplied 97% of the Ecological Building and 49% of the Energy Efficient Building. The main conclusion reached in the light of these results is the relationship between the concepts of Sustainable Architecture, Ecological Building and Energy Efficient Building. All of the principles considered above (Resource Management, Life Cycle Design and Design for Quality of Life) interact with nature directly or indirectly, but Efficient Use of Energy, which is the intersection point of all these compared approaches (Sustainable Architecture, Ecological Building and Energy Efficient Building) stands in an effective place. As a result, it has been seen that ecological building and energy efficient building approaches are sustainability-based principles and are based on sustainable architecture as the main backbone. However, energy efficient buildings do not meet the principles of sustainable architecture as much as ecological buildings. A scheme has been put forward in which energy efficient building, ecological building and sustainable architecture as the most inclusive cluster are included as intertwined clusters.