Exploring the Architectural Perspectives of Surrealists as a Potential of Deformation in the Architectural Discipline

Abstract

Simmel identifies a conflict between life and forms, in which cultural constructions, in pursuit of permanence and stability, attempt to impose order on the ever-changing nature of life, ultimately leading to the ceaseless deformation and erosion of cultural forms. From this perspective, a transformative ability is attributed to avant-garde art, that does not only abolish established aesthetic rules but also denounces art as an institution. The oppositional stance of avant-garde artists paved the way for the disruption of architectural norms, that function as the creator and guardian of cultural forms. The investigation into the potential of Surrealism to act as a catalyst for deformation stems from this standpoint. Rejecting rationalism that they associated with the prevailing world order and the suppression of individual desires, Surrealists favoured emotions and dreams harboured within the unconscious of the individual, hence they criticized Modern Architecture for its totalitarianism and technological orientation. While denouncing abstract spaces of Modernism, Surrealists demonstrate a profound fascination with Art Nouveau buildings and naïve constructions, and propose designs for domestic interiors, which they regard as havens to protect the individual’s inner life from rationalism. In addition, they find fascination in the everyday life in the passages and streets, where surreal events and internal psychological experiences unfold. Within this framework, the objective of this study is to discuss whether the architectural perspectives of the Surrealists can serve as guiding forces for the deformation of the established norms in architecture or assume a critical role within the discipline. To achieve this objective, the paper delves into three key concepts: the intellectual contributions of Surrealists on discovered architectures, house and the domestic interiors, and the everyday inner experience in urbanscape. These concepts provide a rich and comprehensive field for exploring the architectural imagination within Surrealism and uncovering the potential of architectural deformation it promises.